Metallurgical Test Results Confirm Low Acid Consumption
Released
Released
Announcement PDF
ASX Announcement
7 November 2023
ASX: OD6
Metallurgical Test Results Confirm
Low Acid Consumption at Splinter Rock Project
OD6 Metals Limited (OD6 or the Company) is delighted to report metallurgical
tests conducted by Australian Nuclear Science Organisation (ANSTO) paving
the way for attractive processing economics
Highlights:
•
Metallurgical test results confirm low hydrochloric acid (HCl) consumption
•
Average 16 kg HCl/t ore with multiple zones at 6-10 kg HCl/t ore
•
Impressive leach and recovery responses observed at reduced acid strengths
•
Average 61% MagREO recovery (range 43-87%) at 20g/l HCl
•
The positive acid consumptions and recoveries when combined with high grades, low stripping
ratios, and substantial tonnages provide considerable confidence in the key economic drivers
•
Vendor discussions confirm viability of potential site-based chlor-alkali (acid) facility
•
Indicative pricing for a chlor-alkali electrolyser is approximately £3M each (A$5.7M)
•
Chlor-alkali plant also provides a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) product which is utilised in impurity removal
and precipitation of a final Mixed Rare Earth Product (MREC/H)
•
A single chlor-alkali electrolyser has the potential to produce 62ktpa HCl and 69ktpa of NaOH which, at
an average consumption of 16 kg HCl / tonne of ore, is sufficient to treat ~4Mtpa of REE bearing clay
•
Further metallurgical processing optimisation work underway
•
All head-assays contained in this ASX announcement are based on the 4-Acid soluble digestion method,
which aligns with the reporting of geological drill assays and the Mineral Resource Estimate.
Brett Hazelden, Managing Director, commented:
“These low acid consumption numbers are very positive, validating our proposed processing route and providing
confidence in future potential process economics. This represents a key value lever as we continue to tick all the
major boxes that pave the way for project development success.
As part of future development planning, we have engaged vendors and experts on potentially owning and operating
a site-based chlor-alkali facility. Initial discussions suggest this route can provide the lowest ongoing operating cost
over time, which is important, as we envisage Splinter Rock growing to a multigenerational project, powered by low
operating cost renewable energy sources.
We continue to focus on identifying the best-of-the-best Prospect areas, with our methodical and disciplined
approach, in conjunction with research and development relationship with ANSTO, already yielding notable
technical benefits”
1
Metallurgical
A total of 10 samples were selected from a wide variety of distinct clay and non-clay types at
sample selection the Splinter Rock Project to test the various potential mineral recovery variations across the
and ANSTO
four main Prospects (Prop, Centre, Scrum and Flanker). Samples were selected based on
testing
differing geographic location, REE grade, colour, chemical composition, AEM conductivity,
proximity to granite, basinal position (including paleo valley/channel positions) and inferred
different geological genesis. Results of the test work are presented in Tables 1, 2 and 3.
The Splinter Rock clay hosted prospect areas are characterised by a combination of ionically
adsorbed, acid soluble and refractory rare earth elements (REEs). Our assay methods (4-acid
digestion) do not digest refractory components and are therefore not included in previously
reported high-grade drill and resource estimate results. Future potential commercial
production of REE is significantly improved through successful leaching of both ionic and
acid soluble REEs.
ANSTO was selected to complete the second phase of Splinter Rock metallurgical testing
given their extensive experience in rare earth process development. The objectives of the
work program were to:
•
Develop further understanding of the leachability of rare earths under different acid
conditions over a variable time period
•
Test the leach performance of upgraded concentrate fractions following screening at
75 µm (results still being finalised and will be reported separately)
•
Check whether sulphuric acid is capable of meeting or exceeding the recoveries
obtained with hydrochloric acid at similar acid consumptions
•
Develop a standard test procedure for the screening of a large number of test samples
for potential RE recovery
•
Continue to compare assay methods such as acid digestion versus the lithium borate
fusion method
The acid optimisation leach tests were conducted under three new acidic conditions on each
sample (10, 15 and 20 g/L hydrochloric acid), at notionally ambient temperature and
pressures, over a 24 hour period with interim 6, 9 and 12 hour liquor samples to determine
leaching kinetics. Recoveries are calculated as noted at the bottom of each table. This data,
combined with the phase 1 metallurgical leaching results of 25 and 100 g/L hydrochloric acid
provide a picture of recoveries and acid consumptions for the OD6 clay hosted rare earths.
Test work results should be viewed in the context of geological setting and the vast areas of
clay basins currently identified by OD6. Recoverability and acid consumptions, along with
width and grade are key components of OD6’s geometallurgical R&D program. The
recoverability of rare earths are indicative only and do not currently account for additional
losses that may occur during downstream processing.
Refer to Phase 1 test work program for previous results (refer ASX release, 3 April 2023)
2
Recovery at
varying HCL
Ten samples were leached at 10, 15 and 20 g/L HCl for 24 h at 30C (4 wt% solids), and results
were then compared to Phase 1 tests at 25 and 100 g/L HCl for 6 h at 30C (2 wt% solids).
strengths
The results shown in Table 1 indicate that:
•
REE extraction increases with acidity
•
Extractions at 15 to 20 g/L HCl appear to be a balance point on recovery, acid strength
and acid consumption.
•
Each prospect and mineralisation type has slightly different optimal acid conditions
•
There is a notable outlier in Sample SR149A which has both high recovery and high
acid consumption.
•
Neodymium (Nd), Praseodymium (Pr), Terbium (Tb) and Dysprosium (Dy) have very
similar recoveries for each test which is reflected in overall Magnetic Rare Earth
(MagRE) Percent Recovery
Summary of results by Prospect at 20g/L HCl:
•
Flanker – Acid consumption is 6 kg/t with a 65% MagRE Recovery.
•
Centre – Acid consumption ranging from 6 - 41 kg/t with a 43 - 56% MagRE Recovery.
•
Scrum – Acid consumption is 19 kg/t with a 55% MagRE Recovery.
•
Prop – Acid consumption ranging from 6 - 63 kg/t with a 49 - 87% MagRE Recovery.
Average overall acid consumption was 16 kg/t (excl.SR149A which had high acid use most
likely due to high surficial carbonates) with a 61% MagRE Recovery at 20g/l HCl
Table 1: MagRE recovery and acid consumption at different HCl acid concentrations and over time
Prospect
Flanker
Centre
Centre
Intercept
ID
Free
Acid
Rate
Leach
Duration
hrs
SR021A
SR021A
10 g/L
24
15 g/L
24
SR021A
20 g/L
24
SR021A
25 g/L
6
SR021A
100 g/L
6
SR033B
10 g/L
24
SR033B
15 g/L
24
SR033B
20 g/L
24
SR033B
25 g/L
6
SR033B
100 g/L
6
SR042A
10 g/L
24
SR042A
15 g/L
24
SR042A
20 g/L
24
SR042A
25 g/L
6
SR042A
100 g/L
6
Recovery (Extraction) - wt%
Acid
Cons.
Mag
RE
kg/t
Nd
Pr
Tb
Dy
55
66
62
76
Results not available
56
63
54
55
64
67
61
65
62
63
59
62
77
71
68
76
6
6
8
14
19
29
45
46
79
20
28
45
45
78
15
35
40
40
69
13
26
39
37
64
19
29
45
46
78
3
5
6
8
9
24
34
45
48
56
20
29
38
40
48
30
43
52
57
64
25
38
47
53
58
23
33
43
47
55
23
22
24
24
29
3
Centre
Scrum
Prop
Prop
Prop
Prop
Prop
SR043A
10 g/L
24
SR043A
15 g/L
24
SR043A
20 g/L
24
SR043A
25 g/L
6
SR043A
100 g/L
6
SR056B
10 g/L
24
SR056B
15 g/L
24
SR056B
20 g/L
24
SR056B
25 g/L
6
SR056B
100 g/L
6
SR149A
10 g/L
24
SR149A
15 g/L
24
SR149A
20 g/L
24
SR149A
25 g/L
6
SR149A
100 g/L
6
SR150A
10 g/L
24
SR150A
15 g/L
24
SR150A
20 g/L
24
SR150A
25 g/L
6
SR150A
100 g/L
6
SR150B
10 g/L
24
SR150B
15 g/L
24
SR150B
20 g/L
24
SR150B
25 g/L
6
SR150B
100 g/L
6
SR150C
10 g/L
24
SR150C
15 g/L
24
SR150C
20 g/L
24
SR150C
25 g/L
6
SR150C
100 g/L
6
SR150D
10 g/L
24
SR150D
15 g/L
24
SR150D
20 g/L
24
SR150D
25 g/L
SR150D
100 g/L
41
48
56
53
54
37
43
53
51
51
52
55
62
59
57
50
53
63
60
58
41
47
56
54
54
38
37
41
41
60
33
51
55
57
64
27
48
53
54
62
39
53
61
59
67
34
51
54
57
64
32
50
55
56
64
14
17
19
20
43
75
85
88
92
97
75
84
87
91
96
67
80
82
86
91
61
72
74
79
86
74
84
87
91
96
59
61
63
105
113
40
46
50
46
45
38
46
48
45
43
44
43
50
41
42
38
43
45
42
39
40
46
49
46
44
16
18
21
31
37
48
50
58
53
53
45
46
53
50
49
47
46
53
52
37
39
44
49
47
34
47
48
56
52
51
5
8
9
14
16
73
76
79
80
80
74
75
79
81
80
52
48
50
47
51
36
32
39
37
40
71
73
77
77
78
2
5
6
12
14
6
51
63
77
77
51
64
78
77
47
50
62
64
37
46
60
55
51
62
76
76
5
8
10
18
6
87
87
67
56
85
28
Note: Recoveries are calculated based on the delta of the assayed solid head and solid
residue after completion of a 6 or 24 hour leach period.
4
Recovery and
The same ten samples above had liquid samples taken at 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours during the
HCl Acid
leach testing to assess rare earth extraction over time at the different acid concentrations. The
Consumption
Results Shown in Table 2 indicate that:
over time
•
REE extraction increases progressively over time
•
Extractions are the highest after 24 hours and in most cases have not plateaued
•
Longer leach durations could increase rare earth recoveries
•
Each prospect and mineralisation type has slightly different optimal acid conditions
•
Extractions at 15 to 20 g/L HCl appear to be a balance point on recovery, acid strength
and acid consumption.
Table 2: MagRE recovery and acid consumption at different HCl acid concentrations and over time
Acidity g/L
Duration (hrs)
SR021A
MagRE
SR033B
MagRE
SR042A
MagRE
SR043A
MagRE
SR056B
MagRE
SR149A
MagRE
SR150A
MagRE
SR150B
MagRE
SR150C
MagRE
SR150D
MagRE
MagRE % Extraction based on liquid assays
10
15
6
9
12
24
6
9
12
24
6
31
36
39
49
32
Results not available
8
9
10
13
14
15
17
22
19
9
11
13
17
19
22
24
29
23
22
26
26
31
34
35
37
40
32
15
17
19
23
27
30
32
39
28
76
78
82
84
83
66
69
71
74
25
28
29
30
35
36
38
40
34
40
41
43
46
52
55
56
58
49
50
59
65
70
72
78
81
83
70
29
32
36
46
43
49
54
64
46
20
9
37
22
29
36
31
88
35
50
72
49
12
42
24
29
35
35
88
36
51
73
56
24
49
31
34
40
39
92
38
52
73
66
25
6
49
32
37
44
46
87
38
50
70
62
100
6
69
67
49
48
51
88
41
58
75
78
Note: Recoveries are calculated based on the delta of the assayed solid head and progressively assayed liquid
thief samples at the denoted leach duration.
Four Acid Digest The metallurgical test program at ANSTO has utilised duplicate head and tails assays utilising
vs Fusion Digest the ALS 4-acid soluble digestion method and the ALS Lithium Borate Fusion Digest method.
This allows comprehensive comparison of both data sets.
All geological drill assays at Splinter Rock were performed utilising the ALS 4-acid soluble
digestion method as opposed to the ALS Lithium Borate Fusion Digest method. Typically, the
Fusion Digest method returns results for resistate (refractory) non-acid soluble REE minerals,
thus inflating the overall TREO grade.
OD6 has reported its Mineral Resource Estimate (refer ASX release, 18 July 2023) based on the
ALS 4-acid soluble digestion method.
The results from this program and the previous work conducted by OD6 continue to show
that utilising the fusion digest assay technique can increase head grade by up to 30% over a
4-acid leach assay. This extra grade however is highly unlikely to be recoverable in the
proposed processing flowsheet.
All solid assay recovery results contained in this ASX announcement are based on the
4-Acid soluble digestion method which aligns with how OD6 reports geological drill
assays and also the Mineral Resource Estimate
5
Indicative
Processing
Steps
OD6 metals is proposing the following simplified processing map to deliver rare earth
products based on the test work completed to date.
Central to the flowsheet is the use of a site based chlor-alkali facility that utilises salt and
water to produce two reagents, namely hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide
(NaOH). HCl is used to leach the rare earth elements, then NaOH is used to remove
impurities, precipitate a mixed rare earth product (MREC/H) and neutralise the clays prior to
in pit disposal.
Figure 1: Indicative processing steps
Chlor-alkali
Process and
Vendor
Information
The chlor-alkali process involves passing an electric current through high purity sodium
chloride (NaCl or salt) brine to produce hydrogen, chlorine and caustic soda. The hydrogen
and chlorine can then be combined into hydrochloric acid. The equations to create caustic
soda (NaOH) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) are:
2H2O (l) + 2NaCl (aq) ----> H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) + 2NaOH (aq)
H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) -----> 2HCl (g)
OD6 has obtained information from and held discussions with chlor-alkali electrolyser
vendors and experts to determine if owning and operating a site based facility is a viable
option. To date all indications are that this is likely to provide the lowest operating cost for a
long term project that will form an integrated processing facility with storage tanks for HCl
and NaOH to buffer any disruptions.
Based on the publicly available information associated with a BICHLOR™ Electrolyser, plus
informal discussion, the following key details are noted for a single chlor-alkali electrolyser:
•
Power consumption is the major cost at 1,990 kWhr/te NaOH @ 6 kA/m2
•
Normally allow for 350 days operation and 7kA/m2
•
Normally operate at 385mbarg, 90°C and 32wt% NaOH
6
•
Can produce up to 62ktpa HCl and 69ktpa of NaOH
•
Indicative pricing for a chlor-alkali electrolyser is approximately £3M each (A$5.7M)
•
Multiple smaller electrolysers can be utilised to provide operation flexibility
A chlor-alkali facility would also consist of the key production steps outlined in Figure 2 along
with the associated equipment. Figure 3 also provides an example of scale of two operational
electrolysers.
At an average consumption of 16 kg HCl / tonne of ore a single electrolyser based on the
above information could provide sufficient reagents to treat ~4Mtpa of clay ore. The average
acid consumption may potentially be lower based on the potential removal of coarse grained
(>75um) material which is yet to be reported.
Given power being the main cost driver OD6 envisages that low-cost power supply would be
sourced from an owned and operated hybrid power system consisting of solar, wind turbines,
energy storage and gas or diesel powered generators. OD6 understands that a similar facility
that is currently powering the Esperance township and surrounding areas is currently
achieving a 70% renewable power penetration rate which is significant achievement that OD6
should aim to replicate.
On an owned and operated basis, utilising low cost power supply, OD6 has an aspiration target
to achieve an operational reagent consumption cost that would be equivalent to about $56/t of processed clay ore, assuming sunk capital costs.
Figure 2: Chlor-alkali key processing steps (note not all will be required eg Hypo, Cl2 and caustic
evaporation
7
Figure 3: Two electrolysers in an operational environment (Source: Ineos)
Bottle Roll Tests Initial bottle roll tests on four split samples from the original program were performed under
varying conditions of time, temperature, pH etc. in order to determine an inexpensive and fast
method for ascertaining leachability of the clay samples. The final extraction results were
compared with the results obtained in the Phase 1 program and operating parameters refined
until similar leaching performance was obtained.
•
The bottle roll methodology will be used for initial geo-metallurgical assessment of new
prospective drill hole locations to provide an indication of whether samples should
undergo further metallurgical testing.
Sulphuric Acid
Leaches
For completeness OD6 undertook sulfuric acid leach tests on four samples from the Phase 1
program utilising 25 and 50 g/L H2SO4 with a residence time of 24 h at 30 C (4 wt% solids).
The higher acid strength (50 g/L H2SO4) resulted in increased RE extractions in 3 of the 4
samples. The 50 g/L H2SO4 test showed MagRE recoveries comparable to that obtained in 25
g/L HCl in only 6 hours. However the H2SO4 leach results had increased gangue concentrations,
and higher calculated acid consumptions..
Hydrochloric acid remains the preferred lixiviant, given that an increased sulphuric acid
strength and longer leach duration is required to achieve an equivalent extraction. Use of
sulphuric acid should not however be discounted at this stage of the metallurgical testing
program.
Table 3: MagRE recovery and acid consumption at different H2SO4 acid concentrations vs HCl
8
Conditions
Reagent
Test ID
Acidity
(g/L)
24 hour -Final Extraction (%)
Temp.
(C)
Time
(h)
H2SO4
Pr
Nd
Tb
Dy
Magnet
s
Acid
Consumption
%
%
%
%
%
kg/t
SR150B
25 g/L H2SO4
25
30
24
44
49
56
49
48
20
SR033B
25 g/L H2SO4
25
30
24
42
46
36
45
45
10
SR056B
25 g/L H2SO4
25
30
24
26
31
24
34
30
33
SR021A
25 g/L H2SO4
25
30
24
37
40
26
46
39
12
SR150B
50 g/L H2SO4
50
30
24
47
51
53
47
50
23
SR033B
50 g/L H2SO4
50
30
24
34
40
28
36
38
11
SR056B
50 g/L H2SO4
50
30
24
47
51
48
54
50
29
SR021A
50 g/L H2SO4
50
30
24
59
60
46
61
59
14
Conditions
Reagent
Test ID
Acidity
(g/L)
6 h - Final Extraction (%)
Temp.
(C)
Time
(h)
HCl
Pr
Nd
Tb
Dy
Magnet
s
Acid
Consumption
%
%
%
%
%
kg/t
SR150B
25 g/L HCl
25
30
6
49
53
55
47
52
14
SR033B
25 g/L HCl
25
30
6
41
47
30
36
46
8
SR056B
25 g/L HCl
25
30
6
53
57
46
55
56
20
SR021A
25 g/L HCl
25
30
6
60
60
44
58
62
8
Note: Recoveries are calculated based on the delta of the assayed solid head and solid
residue after completion of a 6 or 24 hour leach period.
Program
•
The centre prospect drill assays are expected to be announced in November 2023
timeline
•
Metallurgical leach performance of upgraded concentrate fractions following screening at
75 µm are expected to be announced in November 2023
•
A New CSIRO interpretation of the AEM data is being undertaken to more clearly define
surficial cover thickness, clay thickness and clay basin areas, to help improve identification
of preferred exploration target areas
•
Metallurgical recovery and acid consumption results for the Phase 2 drill program is
expected during Q4 2023. Further results are expected for the Phase 3 drill program in Q1
2024
•
Metallurgical testing and mineralogy assessments at ANSTO expected to be available
during Q4 2023
•
A review and potential upgrade of the Mineral Resource Estimate is expected during Q1
2024.
9
Competent Persons Statement
Information in this report relating to Exploration Results is based on information reviewed by Jeremy Peters, who is a Fellow
of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and a Chartered Professional Geologist and Mining Engineer of that
organisation. Mr Peters is an independent consultant of Burnt Shirt Pty Ltd and has sufficient experience which is relevant to
the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a
Competent Person as defined by the 2012 Edition of the Australasian Code for reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral
Resources and Ore Reserves. Mr Peters consents to the inclusion of the data in the form and context in which it appears.
No new information
Except where explicitly stated, this announcement contains references to prior exploration results, all of which have been
cross-referenced to previous market announcements made by the Company. The Company confirms that it is not aware of
any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the relevant market announcements.
Forward Looking Statements
Certain information in this document refers to the intentions of OD6 Metals, however these are not intended to be forecasts,
forward looking statements, or statements about the future matters for the purposes of the Corporations Act or any other
applicable law. Statements regarding plans with respect to OD6 Metals projects are forward looking statements and can
generally be identified by the use of words such as ‘project’, ‘foresee’, ‘plan’, ‘expect’, ‘aim’, ‘intend’, ‘anticipate’, ‘believe’,
‘estimate’, ‘may’, ‘should’, ‘will’ or similar expressions. There can be no assurance that the OD6 Metals plans for its projects
will proceed as expected and there can be no assurance of future events which are subject to risk, uncertainties and other
actions that may cause OD6 Metals actual results, performance, or achievements to differ from those referred to in this
document. While the information contained in this document has been prepared in good faith, there can be given no
assurance or guarantee that the occurrence of these events referred to in the document will occur as contemplated.
Accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted by law, OD6 Metals and any of its affiliates and their directors, officers,
employees, agents and advisors disclaim any liability whether direct or indirect, express or limited, contractual, tortuous,
statutory or otherwise, in respect of, the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information in this document, or
likelihood of fulfilment of any forward-looking statement or any event or results expressed or implied in any forward-looking
statement; and do not make any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or
completeness of the information in this document, or likelihood of fulfilment of any forward-looking statement or any event
or results expressed or implied in any forward-looking statement; and disclaim all responsibility and liability for these
forward-looking statements (including, without limitation, liability for negligence).
This announcement has been authorised for release by the Board of OD6 Metals Limited
10
About OD6 Metals
OD6 Metals is an Australian public company pursuing
exploration and development opportunities within the critical
mineral sector. The Company has successfully identified clay
hosted rare earths at its 100% owned Splinter Rock and Grass
Patch Projects, which are located in the Esperance-Goldfields
region of Western Australia - about 30 to 150km northeast of
the major port and town of Esperance.
Drilling and geological analysis at its flagship Splinter Rock has
shown widespread, thick, high-grade clay hosted REE deposits
that extend over hundreds of square kilometres. Metallurgical
testing using hydrochloric acid to leach the rare earths have
resulted in positive REE recoveries with optimisation ongoing.
The Company aims to delineate and define economic resources and reserves of Rare Earth Elements (REE), in
particular Neodymium (Nd), Praseodymium (Pr), Dysprosium (Dy) and Terbium (Tb), which can be developed into a
future revenue generating mine. Clay REE deposits are currently economically extracted in China, which is the
dominant world producer of REEs.
REE are becoming increasingly important in the global economy, with uses including advanced electronics and
permanent magnets in electric motors. As an example, a neodymium magnet used in a wind turbine or electric
vehicle motor is 18 times stronger than a standard ferrite magnet significantly increasing energy use efficiency.
As part of the exploration process the Company has entered into heritage agreements with Esperance Tjaltrjraak
Native Title Aboriginal Corporation and the Ngadju Native Title Aboriginal Corporation that serves to both enable
exploration and protect important cultural sites on Country.
Corporate Directory
Managing Director
Mr Brett Hazelden
Non-Executive Chairman
Dr Darren Holden
Non-Executive Director
Mr Piers Lewis
Non-Executive Director
Dr Mitch Loan
Financial Controller/ Joint Company Secretary
Mr Troy Cavanagh
Joint Company Secretary
Mr Joel Ives
Exploration Manager
Tim Jones
Contact
OD6 Metals Ltd
ACN 654 839 602
www.od6metals.com.au
Mail to: info@od6metals.com.au
Phone: +61 8 6189 8515
Level 1, 50 Kings Park Road, West Perth, WA 6005
PO Box 277, North Beach, WA 6920
PO Box 2009, Esperance, WA 6450
11
Metallurgical Drill Hole Location Details
Hole ID
Type
Easting
Northing
RL (m)
Dip
(degrees)
End of Hole
(m)
SRAC0021
Aircore
508100
6329561
178.8
-90
40
SRAC0033
Aircore
502230
6335591
206.2
-90
46
SRAC0042
Aircore
500036
6337842
207.3
-90
40
SRAC0043
Aircore
499486
6338407
204.3
-90
31
SRAC0056
Aircore
496417
6341560
229.5
-90
39
SRAC0149
Aircore
517485
6325298
161.8
-90
77
SRAC0150
Aircore
517999
6325835
151.7
-90
95
JORC 2012 – Table1: Splinter Rock
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section)
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Sampling techniques
•
•
•
•
•
Drilling techniques
Drill sample recovery
•
•
•
•
Logging
•
Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut
channels, random chips, or specific
specialised industry standard measurement
tools appropriate to the minerals under
investigation, such as down hole gamma
sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc).
These examples should not be taken as
limiting the broad meaning of sampling.
Include reference to measures taken to ensure
sample representivity and the appropriate
calibration of any measurement tools or
systems used.
Aspects of the determination of mineralisation
that are Material to the Public Report.
In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has
been done this would be relatively simple (eg
‘reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain
1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised
to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay’). In
other cases more explanation may be
required, such as where there is coarse gold
that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual
commodities or mineralisation types (eg
submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of
detailed information.
Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, openhole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka,
sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple
or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, facesampling bit or other type, whether core is
oriented and if so, by what method, etc).
Method of recording and assessing core and
chip sample recoveries and results assessed.
Measures taken to maximise sample recovery
and ensure representative nature of the
samples.
Whether a relationship exists between sample
recovery and grade and whether sample bias
may have occurred due to preferential
loss/gain of fine/coarse material.
Whether core and chip samples have been
geologically and geotechnically logged to a
level of detail to support appropriate Mineral
Resource estimation, mining studies and
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Geochemical sampling was undertaken by
sampling of metre interval samples returned from
the cyclone of a conventional air core drilling rig.
Certified reference samples, duplicates and blank
samples were inserted into the sample stream
such as to represent approximately 5% of the
samples submitted to the laboratory for analysis
Two composite samples were collected over three
metre intervals – the first (the A sample) being
submitted for laboratory analysis and the second
(the B sample) being retained as a reference.
A sample from each metre was collected and
stored in a chip tray for logging and x-ray
diffraction analysis
Air core drilling was completed by hammer and
blade industry standard drilling techniques
Aircore is considered to be an appropriate drilling
technique for saprolite clay
Drilling used blade bits of 87mmØ with 3m length
drill rods to blade refusal.
Air core recoveries were not recorded but are not
considered to be materially biased, given the
nature of the geology and samples.
The assay data will be analysed against control
samples and historical assays for any indications
of bias
The Competent Person considers that due to the
nature of the drilling and geology, sample bias is
unlikely to result from poor recovery.
All chips were logged qualitatively and
quantitatively.
A sample from each metre was collected and
stored in a chip tray for logging
12
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
•
•
Sub-sampling techniques
and sample preparation
•
•
•
•
•
•
Quality of assay data and
laboratory tests
•
•
•
Verification of sampling
and assaying
•
•
•
•
metallurgical studies.
Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in
nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc)
photography.
The total length and percentage of the relevant
intersections logged.
If core, whether cut or sawn and whether
quarter, half or all core taken.
If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled,
rotary split, etc and whether sampled wet or
dry.
For all sample types, the nature, quality and
appropriateness of the sample preparation
technique.
Quality control procedures adopted for all subsampling stages to maximise representivity of
samples.
Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is
representative of the in situ material collected,
including for instance results for field
duplicate/second-half sampling.
Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the
grain size of the material being sampled.
The nature, quality and appropriateness of the
assaying and laboratory procedures used and
whether the technique is considered partial or
total.
For geophysical tools, spectrometers,
handheld XRF instruments, etc, the
parameters used in determining the analysis
including instrument make an
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